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A proxy, also called a proxy server software, serves in the role of an intermediary the server and user on the internet. With no proxy in place, a user could send a request to an online source directly through a server, and the server would then serve the resource directly for the client. Although this method is easy to grasp and implement, adding proxies offers advantages such as increased performance, privacy, security, and more. As an additional layer of pass-through, the proxy serves as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.

Generally speaking, the combined mixture of the server's hardware and installed proxy software is often referred too as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically classified as software specifically in relation to web servers. This article will present the full description of two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage scenario, which is often not understood due to the similar terms.

This article will give you details on the different types of proxy services, what their subtypes are, and how they function in various configurations. After reading this article, you'll be able to recognize the situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous and pick the best option between forward and reverse proxy for any particular scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy also referred to an open proxy is a proxy for a customer who needs to make an internet-based request to an the server which originated it. In this case, the entire process of sending requests from the user is instead sent via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting instead of the client will take a look into the request. It will then determine whether this user is authorised to send requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then decide whether to deny any request or to forward it to the server that originated it. The client has no direct connection directly to internet. It can access only what the forward proxy allows it to access.

A common use of forward proxy is to provide greater privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy can access the internet in place of a client, and as such it can use an IP address that is different from the original IP address of the client.

Depending on how it has been configured, based on the way it's set up forward proxy can offer you a variety of features based the way it's configured and enables you to:

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  Don't fall victim of ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Recognize the restrictions based on your place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized for security systems which are centralized as well as permission-based access in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet passes via an open forward proxy the administrator is able to grant only a small number of clients access to the internet by the standard firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the server layer which could comprise a range of machines that have diverse environments and users A firewall can be installed in the intermediate layer of forward proxy.

It is important to remember that forward proxies must be manually setup for use while reverse proxies will not be detected by the user. Depending on the type of the IP address that the user who is transferred to the server from which it originated via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or not.

There are numerous possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxies.

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  Apache An open source well-known web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver that comes with capability to use forward proxy.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy using an HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't include the full web server. Read our article on the best way to set up Squid proxy to connect privately within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is forward proxy which makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP which makes it better for use instances such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to set up Dante proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as a representative of the web server which manages the incoming requests of clients on its behalf. The web server could comprise servers, or even multiple servers. Also, it could become an application-server such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request will be made via the internet at large. In the majority of cases, the request will be sent directly to the web server with the resources that the user is seeking. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, isolating this webserver from direct communication with the internet.

From the viewpoint of a user the experience of interacting with reverse proxy isn't different than connecting to an internet server directly. It's basically the same, but the client is unable to see the distinction. The client requests an item and receives it, without any additional configuration required by the client.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  Security centralized to web server.
  
  
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  Directing incoming traffic by implementing rules that you establish.
  
  
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  New caching functionality has been added.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy providers provide this service only to that layer on the webserver and not clients. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on webserver level, that could include multiple servers with different configurations, the majority in firewall protection is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of working with a firewall and connecting with requests from customers through web servers allows them to concentrate solely on serving the requirements of their clients.

In the case of multiple servers using a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy also handles the direction that requests are directed towards which servers. Multiple web servers may be operating within the same system, offering different kinds of resources, or a combination of both. They can utilize the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, but they may also be able to be equipped with application server protocols like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy to direct visitors to specific servers based on the services you request, or to specific rules pertaining to the load of traffic.

Reverse proxies can also benefit by being placed on top of web servers as they offer the ability to cache. The large static resources can be created with caching rules to avoid having to contact web servers every time. Certain solutions allow you to directly serve static assets without having to connect with the webserver at all. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions are capable of handling the compression of these assets.

The renowned Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy option. Although Apache is an alternative to reverse proxy it is not the only one. Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy capabilities, however, it's a separate feature available to Apache in contrast to Nginx was initially designed for and focuses specifically on reverse proxy features.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use

Since "forward" or "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic the names could be confusing because both kinds of proxies handle the processing of requests as well as responses. The most effective way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to take into account the requirements of the app you're developing.

A reverse proxy is useful when you are developing a solution that can offer web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers in any interaction with the internet.

Forward proxy are beneficial when they are placed before users for personal use, or in an office setting. They are a representation of your client's traffic whenever you interact on the internet.

The practice of segregating by use case instead of using only standard naming conventions can help ensure that you aren't confused.

Conclusion

This article provides the definition of a proxy, focusing on the two main types, namely the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Examples of practical use as well as a review of the advantageous features were utilized to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the advantages of proxies, you can read our guide on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy in Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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