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An proxy or proxy server is a software that sits acting as an intermediary for client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a client could send a request for the resource directly to a server, and then the server would provide that resource to its user directly. While this is a simple method to grasp and use but the addition of proxies can provide advantages, such as more performance, privacy and security, among others. As an additional layer passing through, proxies act as a guardian for the internet, separating servers and users.

The combined package of server hardware with the software for proxy installation is often referred to as proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on the proxy servers which are generally described as software, as and those utilized in conjunction with web servers. We will present a summary of the two major kinds of proxy servers, namely the one that is forward and a reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage that can cause confusion due to the same terminology.

This article will give you an idea of the how proxies work and what their subtypes are, as well as their utility in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you'll be aware of how to determine the situations in which a proxy is advantageous, and decide on the most appropriate option for forward or reverse proxy depending on the specific situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also known in the context of an open proxy is a proxy for a user who attempts to connect online to a source server. In this situation the entire request sent by the client is instead directed by the forward-proxy. A forward-proxy, in its place as the customer, will review the request. It will first check if the client been granted permission to send requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then reject an demand and then forward the request to an source server. The client has no direct connection directly to internet. It is able to access only what the forward proxy permits it to access.

The most frequent use of forward proxies is greater security or privacy on the internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet in place of a client, and as a result it is using an alternative IP address from that of the client's initial IP address.

Based on the way it has been set up according to the method of configuration forward proxy can offer a range of features depending on how it is configured. This allows you to:

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  Avoid ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find out the restrictions that apply to your location.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be used in systems that rely on central security and permission -based access, like, in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through an common forward proxy layer an administrator can restrict access to a specific group of users to the internet filtered through an common firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place for the client layer that can comprise a variety of machines that have different environments and users you can have an firewall that is located in the layer that forwards proxy traffic.

It is important to remember to remember that forward proxy servers have to be manually configured for use, whereas reverse proxies can remain unnoticed by clients. Based on the type of IP address of the client, it will be passed to the server that created it by the forward proxy, privacy and security may be granted or left hidden.

There are many alternatives to consider for forward proxies:

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  Apache The most well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open source web server, which has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire website server software. It is possible to read our guide on how to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP which makes it more for use in situations such as peer-to -peer traffic. It is also possible to understand how to configure an Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy is a representative of a web server, which handles the incoming requests of clients on its behalf. The web server may comprise a single server or several servers. Additionally, it could include an application server, such as Gunicorn. In both cases, the request is made by an internet user generally. The majority of the time your request is sent directly to the server, which is equipped with all the resources the client is in need of. In contrast reverse proxy functions as an intermediary and isolates Web server from direct contact with the open internet.

From a consumer's point the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy is not any different from using an internet server direct. It's pretty much the same however the user cannot be able to discern the difference. The client asks for it, then is then granted without additional configurations that need to be completed by the client.

Reverse proxies provide features such as:

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  A central layer of security to guard the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules that you set up.
  
  
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  A new feature for caching is now available.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature only to the server layer, but not the layer that clients use. instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers which can include multiple servers and various configurations, most security for firewalls is focused on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interacting with a firewall and communicating with requests from customers who aren't connected to web servers enables the firewall to concentrate on addressing the needs of their customers.

In the case of multiple servers operating within a reverse proxy it also determines which requests are sent to which servers. There are many web servers operating on the same server, providing different types of resources or a combination of the two. These servers use the HTTP protocol, which is similar to a traditional web server. However, they can be equipped with other protocols for application servers like FastCGI. It is possible to configure reverse proxy settings to direct the clients towards specific servers depending on the kind of resource they're seeking, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies also have the ability to benefit from their positioning ahead of web servers by providing caching functions. Large static assets are able to be configured with caching rules to avoid having to connect with web servers for every request. Certain software solutions allow you to deliver static files directly without having to connect to the web server for even one time. Additionally reverse proxy solutions can manage compression of these files.

The renowned Nginx web server is also used as an effective reverse proxy option. While it is real it's true Apache website server also equipped with a reverse proxy that is an additional option for Apache but Nginx was designed originally to and is primarily focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Examples

Because "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality and misleading comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. It could be confusing because both types of proxies handle requests and responses. A better approach to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to think about the requirements of the app you're creating.

Reverse proxy can be useful in the case of developing a solution to offer web-based services on the internet. They serve as your servers for any interaction with the Internet.

Forward proxy applications are advantageous when placed in front of the client for personal use as well as in an office environment. They represent your clients when you interact with the internet.

A case-based distinction instead of focusing solely on commonly used naming conventions can help you to avoid confusion.

Conclusion

This article explains the definition of a proxy along with two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of useful features were utilized to distinguish between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the ways to implement proxies we recommend you learn how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy on Apache running one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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