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A proxy or proxy server is a program that sits in the middle between a client and server via the internet. Without proxy, a user will send a request to an item directly a server, and the server would provide the requested resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to grasp and use but the addition of proxies can provide advantages, such as increased performance, privacy and security, and much more. As an additional layer of moving through, proxies serve as a guardian to the internet between servers and clients.




It is generally accepted that the combined combination of server hardware and the software for proxy installation is usually referred to as proxy servers. But, this article will concentrate on the proxy servers that are typically described as software, as and those used in conjunction with web servers. We will give a synopsis of the two primary types of proxies: those that are a one that is forward and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage which may be confusing because of a similar language.




This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxies and subtypes they are, and their value in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you'll understand how to identify the scenarios that a proxy can be useful, and choose the best choice for forward or reverse proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also known by the name of open proxy. An open proxy serves as a representative for a user who is trying to connect online to a source server. In this case, the whole request sent by the client will be directed by the forward-proxy. The forward proxy, acting in its place as the customer will scrutinize the request. The first step is to verify if the client has been granted permission to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then reject an application and send it back to its original server. The client does not have direct connection for the web. It can access only the information that the forward proxy allows the client to connect.




A common use case of forward proxies is greater privacy or security on the internet. The forward proxy can connect to the internet instead of a client. as a result it is using an alternative IP address from that of the client's original IP address.




Based on how it is set up in accordance with the way it was configured forward proxy can provide a variety of functions dependent on the way it's configured. This allows users to:




Do not be a victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Determine the restrictions that are based on the location you are in.




Forward proxies also are used in systems that rely on central security and permission -based access, like at workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy, the administrator is able to limit access to a specific group of users to the internet by a common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer which could comprise a range of devices with various environments and users, it is possible to have a firewall located at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




It is important to remember that forward proxy servers must be manually set up to be utilized, whereas reverse proxy servers may be hidden from clients. Based on the kind of IP address the client, it will be passed to the server that created it through forward proxy, privacy and security is granted or kept hidden.




There are many alternatives to consider for forward proxies:




Apache The most well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy capability.


Nginx is another well-known open-source web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A free forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire web server application. We have instructions on how to set-up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and is better suited to use in instances such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to discover how to set up a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an agent for a web server that handles incoming requests by clients on its behalf. The web server may be a single server or multiple servers. It could also be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In both cases, the request will come from users on the internet generally. The majority of the time, the request will be made directly to the web server that has all the resources the client is requires. In contrast reverse proxy functions as an intermediary that isolates Web server from direct communication with the open internet.




From a consumer's point perspective, using reverse proxy is not different than interacting with an online server direct. It's basically the same but the user is unable to see the difference. The client requests this resource and then gets it without any extra configuration that must be completed by the client.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules that you establish.


A new feature to cache has been added.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxies, reverse proxies provide this feature only to the server layer, but not the layer that clients use. instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers that can contain many servers and different configurations, the bulk of security measures for firewalls are targeted towards the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with customers who aren't connected to web servers enables the firewall to concentrate on addressing the needs of their clients.




In the case of multiple servers operating within a reverse proxy, it determines which requests are sent towards which servers. There are many web servers working within the exact same system and serving different kinds of resources or a mix of both. They use the HTTP protocol, which is similar to a traditional web server. However, they can be equipped with other protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can configure reverse proxy servers to guide the clients to specific servers based on the kind of resource they are searching for, or adhere to certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also have the ability to gain advantages from their positioning prior to web servers, through offering caching capabilities. Large static assets can to be set up with caching rules, so that you do not need to call web servers every time you request. Some solutions offering an option to deliver static files directly without having to contact the web server for even one time. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions can manage compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server also functions as an effective reverse proxy solution. It is real that the Apache webserver is equipped with a reverse proxy that is an additional option for Apache but Nginx was initially designed to and is primarily focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" come with connotations of directionality as well as inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing as both types of proxies process requests and responses. An alternative approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the requirements of the app you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be useful in the case of developing a solution to offer web-based services via the internet. They act as your servers in any interactions through the Internet.




Forward proxy software is advantageous when presented to the user for personal use and in the professional environment. They represent your customers whenever you use the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on standard naming conventions will assist you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains the definition of a proxy along with two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of the benefits were used to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the ways to implement proxies then you should learn how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy using Apache running one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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